All journals published by Trends Academics operate under a comprehensive license covering all submitted content. When authors sign the License to Publish, they are granted permission to share the final, published PDF of their article on websites, institutional repositories, or other free public platforms immediately after publication.
Open access articles are distributed under the CC BY License (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License), which will be updated automatically in line with any changes made by the Creative Commons organization.
This license permits readers to copy, distribute, and share the work, provided proper attribution is given to the author. Additionally, readers may modify, adapt, or build upon the work and use it for commercial purposes.
All journals published by Trends Academics follow an Open Access publishing model. This ensures that all articles are instantly accessible for reading and reuse upon publication. Articles may be downloaded, shared, and reused freely as long as the original authors receive proper citation.
Copyright ownership of the text in individual articles, including research articles, reviews, opinions, conference materials, and abstracts, remains unaffected by submission to or publication with Trends Academics.
Images and graphics that are not part of user-submitted content are owned or licensed by Trends Academics and may not be downloaded or copied without explicit permission or according to any copyright notices specific to those materials.
You may require the reproduction of copyright notices, but cannot restrict the right to reproduce the entire article, including any third-party graphics. Authors must secure all necessary permissions to reproduce third-party materials included in their submissions to Trends Academics.
If an article is published under a non-commercial license and a commercial license is desired, please contact Trends Academics at info@trendsacademics.com
All copyrights and associated rights are protected by applicable national and international copyright laws.